In
java every variable and every expression should has some type and every type is
clearly define.
Each
and every assignment should be checked by compiler for type compatibility hence
java language considered as strongly typed programming language because type
checking is very strong and type is very important.
Java
is not considered as pure object oriented programming language because several
OOP’s features are not supported by java (like operator overloading, multi
threading, ect.) moreover we depending on primitive data types which are non
objects.
Except
Boolean and char remaining data types are considered as signed data types
because we can represent both positive (+ve) and negative (-ve) numbers.
In
java, there are 2 types of data types
1. Primitive
data types
2. Non primitive data types
byte:-
Byte is the best suitable, if
we want to handle data in term of streams from the file or from the network
Size: 1byte (8bits), Range: -128 to +127(-27 to +27-1)
+ve or _ve sign
|
26
|
25
|
24
|
23
|
22
|
21
|
20
|
64+32+16+8+4+2+1=127
Note:- the most significant bit as the sign bit ‘0’ mean +ve
and ‘1’ mean –ve
byte b=10; //Correct byte b=127; //Correct
byte b=128; //Wrong(out of the
byte range)
Compile time error
(jdk6 version):- possible loss of precision
found: int
required: byte
byte b=10.5; Wrong(it is float type value so we can’t assign float type to
the byte type)
compile time
error:- possible loss of precision
found:
double
required:
byte
byte b=true; Wrong(‘true’ is
Boolean type not byte type)
compile time
error:- incompatible types
found: boolean
required:
byte
byte b=”java”; Wrong(“java” is
String type not byte type)
compile time
error:- incompatible types
found:
double
required: byte
Note:- In jdk6 version we get an error message as like below
found:int
requied:byte
In jdk7 version we get an
error message as below:
required:byte
found:int
short:-
The mostly rarely used data
type in java is ‘short’. This data type is best suitable for 16bit processor
like 8086 processor but these processors are outdated and hence the
corresponding ‘short’ data type also outdated data type.
Size: 2bytes (16 bits), Range:
-32768 to +32767(-215 to +215-1)
Example:-
class Test{
public static void main(String arg[]){
short a=32767; //Correct
short b=32768; // Wrong(value is out the short range)
short c=10.3; // Wrong(value is
float type, we can’t assign it to the short type)
short d=true;// Wrong(value is boolean type, we can’t assign
it to the short type)
}
}
int:-
The most commonly used data
type in java is ‘int’.
Size: 4byte (32bits), Range: -2147483648 to
+2147483647(-231 to +231-1)
Example:-
class Test{
public static void main(String arg[]){
int a=2147483647; //Correct
int b=2147483648L; // Wrong
int c=10.3; // Wrong
int d=true; // Wrong
int e=”hello”; // Wrong
}
}
long:-
Sometimes ‘int’ may not
enough to hold big value then we should use ‘long’ data type.
Size: 8byte (64bits), Range:
-263 to 263-1
Example:-
To hold amount of distance
travelled by light in 1000daysat that time ‘int’ may not enough so we should
use ‘long’ data type.
long l=126000*60*60*24*1000miles;
To hold number of characters
in a big file ‘int’ may not enough then we use type of length() method.
long l=f.length();
Floating
point data types:-
Note:- by default every
floating point literal is double type, we can’t assign directly to float type.
We can assign float type by suffixed with f or F;
float f=123.456; //Wrong(we
should specify suffixed with f or F to the float value like 123.456f)
float f=123456; //Correct
double b=123.456; //Correct
float f=123.456f; or float
f=123.456F; //Correct
Float:-
If we want declare 5 to 6
decimal points to a number then we should take ‘float’ data type.
Size:- 4 bytes(32bits), Range:-
-3.4e38 to 3.4e38.
Example:- float f=10.01f;
Double:-
If we want declare 14 to 15
decimal points to a number then we should take ‘double’ data type.
Size:- 8byte(64bits), Range:- -1.7e308 to 1.7e308.
Example:- double
b=10.01;
Boolean:-
Size:- size is not
applicable(virtual machine dependency).
Range:- not applicable but it
allowed values are true or false.
Examples:-
boolean b=true; //Correct
boolean b=True; // Wrong(here ‘T’
is upper case so Boolean type is not allowed it)
boolean b=0; //Wrong(zero is
number, we can’t assign it to boolean)
boolean b=”true”; //Wrong (“true” is
string type, we can’t assign it to Boolean type)
Example:-
class Test1
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
boolean b=0;
if(b){
System.out.println("hello");
}
else{
System.out.println("hi");
}
}
}
Char
data type:-
Old languages(c,c++) are
ASCII code bits and the number of different allowed ASCII characters are less
than or equal 256(<=256) to represent these characters 8 bits(1byte) are
enough hence the size ‘char’ in old language is 1 byte(8bits).
Java Unicode based and the
number of Unicode characters are greater than 256 and less than or equal
65536(>256 and <=65536) to represent these characters 16bits (2byte) are
required in java and 8bits (1byte) not enough.
Size:- 2byte (16bits) Range:- 0 to 65535.
Summary table of java
primitive data types:-
Data
type
|
Size
|
Range
|
Corresponding
wrapper class
|
Default
value
|
byte
|
1byte
|
-27 to 27-1
(-128 to 127)
|
Byte
|
0
|
short
|
2bytes
|
-215 to 215-1
(-32768 to 32767)
|
Short
|
0
|
int
|
4bytes
|
-231 to 231-1 (-2147483648 to
2127483647)
|
Integer
|
0
|
long
|
8bytes
|
-263 to 263-1
|
Long
|
0
|
float
|
4bytes
|
-3.4e38 to 3.4e38
|
Float
|
0.0
|
double
|
8bytes
|
-1.7e308 to 1.7e308
|
Double
|
0.0
|
boolean
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable but allowed values are true and false
|
Boolean
|
False (in ‘C’ language ‘true’)
|
char
|
2bytes
|
0 to 65535
|
Character
|
0(represent space character)
|
Note:- ‘null’ is the default value for object reference, we
can’t use ‘null’ value for primitive data types. If we use ‘null’ value for
primitive data types we will get compile time error.
Example:-
class Test
{
public static void main(String arg[]){
int i=null;
}
}
Output:-
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